脑外科医生黄翔｜对大脑来说，忘记比记忆更重要 Neurosurgeon Huang Xiang | Forgetting is More Important than Remembering for the Brain

学习的本质：学习不是增加神经元数量，而是增加神经元之间的连接，即突触。 The Essence of Learning: Learning is not about increasing the number of neurons, but about increasing the connections between neurons, namely synapses.

大脑的可塑性：大脑具有可塑性，可以通过学习改变神经网络结构，这种改变贯穿一生。 Plasticity of the Brain: The brain is plastic and can change its neural network structure through learning, a change that lasts a lifetime.

教育的本质：教育不是在白纸上书写，而是像雕塑一样塑造大脑，启蒙教育是点亮孩子发现自己兴趣和潜力的过程。 The Essence of Education: Education is not about writing on a blank slate, but about sculpting the brain; enlightenment education is the process of illuminating a child's discovery of their interests and potential.

青春期大脑变化：青少年时期大脑的某些区域发展迅速，而背外侧前额叶皮质等区域发展较慢，影响决策和冲动控制。 Changes in the Adolescent Brain: Certain areas of the brain develop rapidly during adolescence, while regions like the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex develop more slowly, affecting decision-making and impulse control.

学习与长寿：学习行为能显著延长寿命，受教育程度越高，寿命越长。 Learning and Longevity: Learning behaviors can significantly extend lifespan; the higher the level of education, the longer the lifespan.

忘记的重要性：大脑需要筛选和删除信息，忘记是大脑的重要功能，以避免信息过载。 The Importance of Forgetting: The brain needs to filter and delete information; forgetting is a crucial function of the brain to avoid information overload.

成年人的记忆力：成年人的记忆力不会下降，反而可能通过学习提升。 Memory in Adults: Adult memory does not decline; rather, it can be enhanced through learning.

记忆的敌人：记忆的敌人不是时间，而是其他记忆，专注可以提高记忆力。 Enemies of Memory: The enemy of memory is not time, but other memories; focus can enhance memory.

海马回的作用：海马回负责记忆的筛选和编码，其工作特点与学习效率密切相关。 The Role of the Hippocampus: The hippocampus is responsible for filtering and encoding memories, and its functioning is closely related to learning efficiency.

提升学习效率的方法：包括激发学习兴趣、不断重复、利用θ波、适度饥饿和保证充足的睡眠。 Methods to Enhance Learning Efficiency: These include stimulating interest in learning, constant repetition, utilizing theta waves, moderate hunger, and ensuring adequate sleep.

成年人大脑的继续发育：成年人通过学习可以促进大脑的发育，如伦敦出租车司机的海马回后侧部分增大。 Continued Development of the Adult Brain: Adults can promote brain development through learning, as seen in the enlarged posterior hippocampus of London taxi drivers.

作者&来源： Author & Source: • 作者：黄翔 • Author: Huang Xiang • 出版社：中信出版集团 • Publisher: CITIC Publishing Group